Hybrid Motor and General Information
Developed using hybrid rocket technology, the motor uses paraffin as solid fuel and N₂O as oxidizer. The burn time is approximately 8 seconds, with a maximum thrust of around 3 kN and a total impulse of 16 kNs; for TEKNOFEST participation, this value has been limited to 12 kNs.
Mechanical Specifications
The nose cone is made of fiberglass, with the first 50 mm section reinforced with aluminum. It has a Haack / Von Kármán profile and a total length of 350 mm. The rocket body is composed of three fiberglass sections, giving the rocket a total length of 4.20 m. The fins are made of carbon fiber, designed to optimize both structural integrity and weight. The rocket’s liftoff mass is approximately 36 kg.
The rocket employs a dual separation system utilizing CO₂-based separation (SGÜ), where the second separation is executed via a mechanical shear bolt. The recovery sequence involves deploying the drogue parachute at apogee, followed by the main parachute at an altitude of approximately 500 m.
Electronics and Avionics
The 'Gökdeniz' Avionics System consists of two four-layer 10x10 cm² PCBs and operates with an STM32H563ZIT6 microcontroller. It features one BNO055 and one BMI088 Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), along with two BMP58x pressure sensors. All components are directly embedded onto the board. The upper board includes microcontrollers, sensors, and communication modules, while the lower board contains actuator circuits. The primary RF communication module is based on the SX1262 chip, with redundancy provided by the RFM95 module and an additional LoRa module. The board includes H-bridges for DC motor control and actuators for servo motor control. It features a dual-channel electronic igniter system capable of simultaneously heating two resistor wires, with real-time resistance measurement capability on one wire. The avionics system supports both embedded and modular configurations, featuring a redundant RF communication system supporting LoRa and FSK modulation. It is powered by a 12V 3S LiPo battery and includes two custom-designed buck converters for 12V → 5V and 12V → 3.3V conversion.
The Payload System integrates a BMP581 pressure sensor, BMI088 IMU, and Ublox Neo-M9 GPS module. It operates with an STM32F407VGT6 microcontroller and communicates through a LoRa module. Similar to the avionics, the payload includes two custom-designed buck converters, with all sensors and the microcontroller directly embedded onto the PCB. The system is also designed to support modular component integration.
